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| c. 1071 |
| | | The campaigns of Alp Arslan, culminating in 1071, give the Seljuk Turks a lasting presence in Anatolia | |
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| 1071 |
| | | The Seljuk Turks and the Byzantines meet in battle at Manzikert, with victory going to the Turks | |
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| 1082 |
| | | Venice acquires valuable trading privileges from Constantinople, her merchants being excused all dues and customs in the Byzantine empire | |
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| 1098 |
| | | After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Konya, in central Turkey, becomes the capital of the Seljuk Turks, who call themselves sultans of Rum | |
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| 1182 |
| | | Resentment of western merchants results in a massacre of Roman Catholics by fellow Christians in Constantinople | |
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| 1190 |
| | | The third crusade suffers an early disaster when its first leader, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, is drowned crossing the Calycadnus river | |
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| 1204 |
| | | The crusaders of the fourth crusade besiege, take and destroy the Christian city of Constantinople | |
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| 1204 |
| | | The Byzantine empire continues, in much reduced form, with a new capital at Nicaea | |
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| 1204 |
| | | A Latin empire is set up in Constantinople on the same basis as the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem | |
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